War of 1812
* Federalist & DR schism remained central to American politics, through Presidents Jefferson & Madison
* Long dissatisfaction w/ French & British blockades & Impressment
* 1807 British attacked a US Warship in Chesapeake Bay
* US reacted w/ embargoes for the next two years – virtually shutting down the US commerce w/Europe
* 1809 French agreed to respect the American ships at sea
* British did not
* "war hawks" were mainly concentrated in the south & west
* Westerners had less to fear from British – they could gain Canada & remove Indians who allied themselves w/England
* Declaration of War was a close vote – referred to as Mr. Madison’s war in New England – MA, Conn. & RI voted against permitting their militia to fight
* MA governor called for a public fast to bemoan a war "against the nation from which we are descended"
* Most of the land fighting involved the US trying to take Canada
* Little success in "liberating" Canada, the US even lost Detroit & Ft. Dearborn for a time
* 1814 British invade NY, burning buildings in Washington DC
* British made demands – as the price for peace: a huge buffer state for Indians (WI, IL, IN, OH, & MI), reassert British rights to the Mississippi River & Great Lakes
* But, Baltimore stood – subject of the lyrics for the National Anthem & the British suffered a naval defeat on Lake Champlain
* Last major battle was Jan. 1815 when A. Jackson defeated the British, who were trying to take New Orleans (a month after a peace treaty was signed)
* In the end, the old boundaries were restored & Indian Allies were left w/o protection
* Federalists, who used the war to promote their re-emergence, were left w/ treasonous accusations as their talk of succession was over-run w/ nationalist pride
* 1816 & 1820 James Monroe (DR) 1824 John Q. Adams (DR) won the presidency – US was almost a ONE political party system




Reply With Quote


