Finaplex~trenbolone acetate

[TwisT]

Trenbolone Acetate
Finajet, Finaplix, Finaplex, Fina, Tren

Chemical Profile
Androgenic: 500
Anabolic: 500
Standard: Nandrolone Acetate
Chemical Name: 17beta-Hydroxyestra-4,9,ll-trien-3-one
Estrogenic Activity: None
Progestational Activity: Moderate

Description:
Trenbolone acetate is an injectable (generally) anabolic steroid derived from nandrolone. Its activity is quite removed from its structural parent, however, such that direct comparisons between the two are difficult. Trenbolone is a non-estrogenic steroid, and is considerably more anabolic and androgenic than nandrolone on a milligram for milligram basis. In appearance, it is much more commonly compared to a stronger androgen such as drostanolone, than it is to nandrolone.lt is also estimated to display about three times more androgenic potency than testosterone, making it one of the strongest injectable anabolic steroids ever commercially manufactured. Among athletes, this steroid is highly valued for its ability to increase muscle hardness, definition, and raw strength, without unwanted water retention and fat mass gains. It is considered a drug of choice for contest bodybuilders, yet remains very popular with recreational users simply looking to refine their physiques.

How Supplied:
Trenbolone acetate is available in select veterinary drug markets. It generally comes in the form of implant pellets containing 20 mg of trenbolone acetate each. Injectable preparations containing 30 mg/ml of steroid in oil were formerly sold.

Side Effects (Estrogenic):
Trenbolone is not aromatized by the body, and is not measurably estrogenic. It is of note, however, that this steroid displays significant binding affinity for the progesterone receptor (slightly stronger than progesterone itself). The side effects associated with progesterone are similar to those of estrogen, including negative feedback inhibition of testosterone production and enhanced rate of fat storage. Progestins also augment the stimulatory effect of estrogens on mammary tissue growth. There appears to be a strong synergy between these two hormones here, such that gynecomastia might even occur with the help of progestins, without excessive estrogen levels. The use of an anti-estrogen, which inhibits the estrogenic component of this disorder, is often sufficient to mitigate gynecomastia caused by progestational anabolic/androgenic steroids. Note that progestational side effects are more common when trenbolone is being taken with other aromatizable steroids.

Side Effects (Androgenic):
Although classified as an anabolic steroid, trenbolone is sufficiently androgenic. Androgenic side effects are still common with this substance, and may include bouts of oily skin, acne, and body/facial hair growth. Anabolic/androgenic steroids may also aggravate male I pattern hair loss. Women are also warned of the potential I virilizing effects of anabolic/androgenic steroids. These may include a deepening of the voice, menstrual: irregularities, changes in skin texture, facial hair growth) and clitoral enlargement. Additionally, the 5-alpha: reductase enzyme does not metabolize trenbolone, so I its relative androgenicity is not affected by finasteride or: dutasteride.

Other Sides:
Being an anabolic steroid, tren will suppress your natural level of testosterone production. Other common sides that have been reported and experienced by myself have been calf cramping, insomnia, night sweats, and tren cough.

Administration(Men):
Trenbolone acetate was never approved for use in humans. Prescribing guidelines are unavailable. An effective dosage for physique- or performance-enhancing purposes generally falls in the range of 100-300 mg per week, taken for 6 to 8 weeks. Due to the short-acting nature of acetate esters, the total week's dosage is subdivided into 2-3 smaller applications. Effective oral doses tend to fall in the range of 100-200 mg per day, taken for no longer than 6-8 weeks to minimize any potential hepatic strain. This level is sufficient to notice strong increases in strength and lean tissue mass, with a low level of unwanted side effects. Lack of estrogenic activity has made trenbolone very appealing for competitive athletes looking to shed fat, while at the same time trying to avoid water retention. Here, trenbolone may provide the high androgen content needed in order to elicit a very hard, defined physique.

TwisT's Recommended Protocol:
When taking the short ester version of tren (acetate) I would recommend anywhere up to 550mg/week for very experienced users. A good place to begin would be dosing tren at 50mg every day. This will give you a solid 350mg of tren a week while every day injections will give you the most stable blood levels, which is the optimal way to dose the acetate ester. Tren is not a compound to be taken lightly, and the side effects can be very harsh with some people. For this reason, you should try the short ester version of tren first because it can be quickly cleared from your body if you find you are unable to handle the sides. With some knowledge and experience under your belt, I would recommend up to 450mg/week of the enanthate or hex(http://www.ironmagazineforums.com/a...one-hexahydrobenzylcarbonate.html#post2130966) version of tren.

Availability:
Finaplix® and competing trenbolone acetate pellets are available through many veterinary and black market suppliers.These pellets are difficult to administer, however they are also not commonly subject to counterfeiting. This is the only legitimate form of trenbolone acetate in the u.s. Moving on from Finaplix pellets, legitimate pharmaceutical preparations using trenbolone acetate are scarce. Trenol 50 is manufactured in Myanmar by WDV Pharmaceuticals. This 50 mg/ml 6ml multi-dose vial provides a decent amount of steroid, although it does not make its way to the u.s. very often. WDV products seem most popular in areas of Eastern Europe, and to a lesser extent Western Europe.Most other forms are from underground manufacturers, and therefore are of unverifiable quality.

Reference:
Llewellyn’s W. (2009). Anabolics (9th ed), Finajet (pp. 253-256): Jupiter, FL: Molecular Nutrition

 

[TwisT]

Use of trenbolone acetate and estradiol in intact and castrate male cattle: effects on growth, serum hormones, and carcass characteristics.

Hunt DW, Henricks DM, Skelley GC, Grimes LW.
Clemson University, SC 29634.
Abstract

The effects of anabolic implant on growth, carcass characteristics, and serum hormones were examined in 30 young bulls and steers fed a growing diet then a finishing diet. In a 2 X 3 factorial arrangement, steers and bulls received an implant of trenbolone acetate (TBA), TBA and estradiol-17 beta (E2), or no implant. Blood samples were taken serially (every 20 min for 6 h) at intervals during the growing and finishing phases. Percentage of DM, fat, protein, and ash and Warner-Bratzler shear test were measured and taste panel evaluations of the 9-10-11 rib section were obtained. Treatment with TBA and E2 increased weight gain in steers but not in bulls. There were no differences in feed efficiency, serum growth hormone (GH), and cortisol concentrations between bulls and steers or between treated groups and controls in bulls or steers, although during the finishing phase mean GH concentrations in treated steers were twofold higher than in controls and were similar to those in the bull groups. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) increased twofold during the growing phase, then remained at that level. Steers implanted with TBA and E2, which had the highest gains among the steer groups, had the highest serum GH and IGF-I. Longissimus steaks from bulls treated with TBA alone or TBA and E2 were comparable to steaks from steers in the shear test. Taste panelists found steaks from TBA- and E2-treated bulls to be similar in tenderness and connective tissue to steaks from steers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

 

[TwisT]

Effects of trenbolone acetate on adrenal function and hepatic enzyme activities in female rats.

Thomas KM, Rodway RG.
Abstract

The effects of the anabolic steroid trenbolone acetate (TBA) on adrenal function and hepatic enzyme activity have been studied in growing female rats. Treatment with TBA resulted in a decrease in the peak of plasma corticosterone concentration which occurred during the afternoon. The enzymes tyrosine aminotransferase (TAT) and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase were measured in the livers of treated and control rats. Activities of both enzymes were maximal at 22.00 h, but that of TAT was reduced in TBA-treated rats. After injection of ACTH, TBA-treated rats showed a smaller increase in plasma corticosterone than did controls. Treatment with TBA did not affect the induction of TAT activity after corticosterone treatment. All TBA-treated rats grew significantly faster than controls and the possible relevance of this reduced adrenal function to the increased growth rate is discussed.

PMID: 6134779 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

[heavyiron]

Res Vet Sci. 1981 Jan;30(1):7-13. Links

Growth hormone, insulin, prolactin and total thyroxine in the plasma of sheep implanted with the anabolic steroid trenbolone acetate alone or with oestradiol.

Donaldson IA, Hart IC, Heitzman RJ.

The mode of action of the anabolic steroid trenbolone acetate (19-norandrost-4,9,11-trien-3-one-17-acetate) was studied through the endogenous hormonal response of castrated male sheep to subcutaneous implantation of 140 mg of trenbolone acetate and 20 mg of oestradiol both separately and in combination. Radioimmunoassay of delta-4,9,11-trienic steroids and oestradiol-17 beta in plasma confirmed that simultaneous administration of trenbolone acetate with oestradiol led to a significantly greater persistence of oestradiol-17 beta residues in plasma (P less than 0.05) than with implantation of oestradiol alone. Oestradiol treatment increased concentrations of growth hormone and insulin (P less than 0.05; P less than 0.001 respectively) in plasma samples collected weekly. Trenbolone acetate by itself had no significant effect and the oestrogenic response was blocked on the simultaneous implantation of trenbolone acetate and oestradiol (despite higher plasma levels of oestradiol-17 beta with this treatment). Plasma total thyroxine was markedly depressed to 45 per cent of its basal level by trenbolone acetate, alone or with oestradiol (P less than 0.001) and depressed to 80 per cent of basal by oestradiol treatment alone (P less than 0.001). Plasma prolactin was unaltered by the above treatments.

 

[heavyiron]

IGF-I mRNA levels in bovine satellite cell cultures: effects of fusion and anabolic steroid treatment.

Kamanga-Sollo E, Pampusch MS, Xi G, White ME, Hathaway MR, Dayton WR.
Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.

Androgenic and estrogenic steroids enhance muscle growth in a number of species; however, the mechanism by which anabolic steroids enhance muscle growth is not known. Castrated male cattle (steers) provide a particularly good model system in which to study the effects of anabolic steroids on muscle growth because they respond dramatically to treatment with both estrogens and androgens. The goal of this study was to determine if treatment of bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures with 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) or trenbolone (a synthetic androgen) directly affects proliferation rate or level of mRNA for estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha, androgen receptor, and growth factors that have been shown to affect muscle growth (insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-3, and myostatin). BSC cultures were established from the semimembranosus muscles of steers and then treated for 48 h with various concentrations of E(2) or trenbolone ranging from 0.001 to 10 nM. IGF-I mRNA levels in proliferating BSC cultures were significantly increased at 0.01 (1.9-times control values, P < 0.02) and at 0.1, 1, and 10 nM E(2) (2.9-, 3.5-, and 3.5-times control values, respectively, P < 0.0001). Additionally both 1 and 10 nM trenbolone increased IGF-I mRNA levels to 1.7-times control values (P < 0.02). ER-alpha mRNA was detectable in BSC cultures, and levels were increased (2.3-times control levels, P < 0.001) in cultures treated with 0.001 nM E(2) but not in cultures treated with higher concentrations of E(2). Androgen receptor mRNA levels also were increased (1.5-times control levels, P < 0.02) in cultures treated with 0.001 nM trenbolone but not by treatment with higher concentrations of trenbolone. Levels of IGFBP-3 were increased (1.4-times control values, P < 0.02) by treatment with 0.001 nM E(2) but not by treatment with high concentrations of E(2). Myostatin mRNA levels were not affected by any concentration of either of the steroids. Although, levels of IGF-I mRNA were 10-times greater (P < 0.02) in fused BSC cultures than in proliferating cultures, treatment of fused cultures for 48 h with 10 nM E(2) increased IGF-I mRNA levels (2.5-times control levels, P < 0.02). Both E(2) and trenbolone increased (3)H-thymidine incorporation rate (1.5-times control levels, P < 0.001) in BSC cultures in media containing serum from which IGFBP-3 had been removed by anti-IGFBP-3 affinity chromatography. In summary, treatment of BSC cultures with either E(2) or trenbolone increased IGF-I mRNA level and proliferation rate, thus, establishing that these steroids have direct anabolic effects on cells present in the BSC culture. Copyright 2004 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

PMID: 15334653 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

[heavyiron]

The effect of trenbolone acetate with time on the various responses of protein synthesis of the rat.

Vernon BG, Buttery PJ.

1. The anabolic agent trenbolone acetate (3-oxo-17beta-hydroxy-4,9,11-oestratriene acetate; TBA) given subcutaneously to female rats increased their growth rate compared with that of the placebo-treated controls. 2. The increased growth rate of the TBA-treated rats was not a consequence of an increased water retention. The TBA-treated rats had a significantly higher (P less than 0.01) total carcass nitrogen content but the total carcass fat content decreased by a non-significant (P greater than 0.05) 8.3%. 3. There was evidence of a time-lag in the response of the fractional synthetic rate of certain individual tissues to TBA. The fractional synthetic rates of the uterus and skeletal muscle mixed tissue proteins were significantly reduced in the TBA-treated rats. 4. The measured reduction in fractional synthetic rates was concluded to reflect true changes in the synthetic rate rather than a result of an alteration in the specific activity of the tyrosine pool used for protein synthesis.

PMID: 718839 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

[heavyiron]

Women and Steroids. . . Trenbolone! Written by Leigh Penman Thursday, 27 August 2009 00:24


TRENBOLONE

Trenbolone is one of the most popular drugs used by bodybuilders today and, when you look at the stats, it is not hard to see why. A very potent androgen with strong anabolic activity, Trenbolone is an extremely effective hardening and cutting agent. In fact, it is considered indispensable when it comes to pre contest preparation. However, it is also extremely valuable in the off-season as it creates a rapid build up of strength and muscle mass. In fact, the anabolic effect is often compared to testosterone or Dianabol with one very important difference - it does not convert to estrogen. This is what truly sets it apart, as most mass building drugs readily aromatize, leading to many estrogen related problems (e.g. water retention gynecomastia).

Due to the lack of water retention, the gains when using this drug are more easily maintained on discontinuing its use. In addition to this, a very hard and defined appearance can be achieved. Also, since gynecomastia is not an issue, there should not be any need to add an anti-estrogen as long as Trenbolone is the only steroid being used.

Due to the highly androgenic nature of this drug an increase in the burning of body fat is observed and a much tighter physique can be achieved without having to resort to extreme dieting.


TRENBOLONE- POINTS OF INTEREST

• Trenbolone is more potent than testosterone with an effect being gauged as three times as strong on a milligram for milligram basis. It is also four times as anabolic as Deca Durabolin and ten times as androgenic. This makes the majority of the weight gained on this drug lean, quality muscle.
• Trenbolone also creates an increase in the levels of the hormone IGF-1 (Insulin like Growth Factor-1) which is highly anabolic within muscle tissue.
• Trenbolone has a stronger binding affinity to the androgen receptor than testosterone. This feature is a major contributing factor to the process of anabolism and fat loss.
• By promoting nitrogen retention and protein synthesis within the muscle Trenbolone allows the food you eat and the nutritional supplements you take to be used more effectively. It also reduces levels of the catabolic hormone cortisol.
• Trenbolone is also involved in the production of red blood cells and increases the rate of glycogen replenishment (both of which contribute not only to stamina but also to recovery from workouts)

SIDE EFFECTS


A reduction in aerobic capacity is the most common complaint with Trenbolone. This is thought to be caused by bronchial dilation resulting from an increase in prostaglandin production. The condition known as "Tren Cough" is often a complaint registered with users of the Acetate version (Trenbolone is available in Acetate and Enanthate forms). Androgenic side effects may also be experienced which include oily skin, aggressive behavior, and acne and hair loss. For this reason women are usually advised to stay away from this drug.


TRENBOLONE...THE WOMEN OF THE FORUM SPEAK OUT

It seems that although women are generally told to avoid using this drug, Trenbolone is being used more and more by women in controlled doses. The fact that it adds primarily lean mass whilst reducing body fat is obviously a key factor in its attractiveness. When women were asked for their feedback on Trenbolone use a variety of favored dosages came up. Anything from a very conservative 10mg every other day to a more adventurous 100mg/week split into two doses.

Stacking Trenbolone with Testosterone Propionate was also something favored by those engaging in high level competition.

Another use of Trenbolone involved taking it 3-4 days before a show in order to add hardness and definition to the physique.
It has to be said that side effects were experienced by all - usually increased hair growth and acne - and the severity of the side effects seemed to be worse in younger women. The theory expressed here being that ovarian function may be the reason for this, with a younger woman still having stronger ovarian function than an older women who may be entering peri-menopause.

This is all speculation of course but seems like a plausible explanation in my opinion.

Either way, if you are considering using Trenbolone it is advised to use it on its own and at extremely low doses (such as the aforementioned 10mg every other day) in order to test your own unique sensitivity.


TRENBOLONE....THE SISTER STEEL EVALUATION

Trenbolone is a potent androgen that is primarily used in cattle, so there is even less information at our disposal on this compound or its effects on the female endocrine system than any other drug. It is the one drug that seems to produce results as significant as the side effects that are associated with it. Women are generally advised to stay clear of
Trenbolone considering the strong androgenic component which eradicates any possibility of running Trenbolone without sides. The more seasoned female athlete will run it in the off season in order to reap the muscle building benefits of the drug whilst maintaining a relatively low body fat. On the other hand running it during contest preparation will preserve the newly added muscle mass while on a calorie restricted diet. The less daring athlete will run Trenbolone during the last few weeks of contest preparation or even limit their use to the week before the show - with a more frequent injection schedule.

Women who have experienced less favorable side effects on Trenbolone report experiencing tachycardia from a single pin, accompanied by profuse night sweats and insomnia bad enough to bail on the cycle. Others experience rapid hair growth with more frequent shaving (side effects that are far from unmanageable).

Quite honestly, Trenbolone dosing is dependent on how much a woman is willing to deal with in terms of sides. There is no conservative dose for a first timer with Trenbolone being far better suited for the educated, experienced and seasoned athlete who has paid her dues.
It is also important to note that Trenbolone lowers TSH levels so running T3 in conjunction with it is highly advisable, as well as an anti-prolactin such as Dostinex at 0.5mg every third day or 5mg of Bromocriptine daily to keep prolactin levels in check.

 

[heavyiron]

Finaplix

(trenbolone acetate)

The drug trenbolone acetate is, without a doubt, the most powerful injectable anabolic steroid used to gain muscle. However the full properties of the drug are not always fully understood. This profile will separate fact from fiction and help users decide if trenbolone is right for them.

Trenbolone is similar to the highly popular steroid nandrolone, in that they are both 19-nor steroids, meaning that a testosterone molecule has been altered at the 19th position to give us a new compound. Unlike nandrolone however trenbolone is an excellent mass and hardening drug with the majority of gains being muscle fiber, with minimal water retention (1) It has an unbelievable anabolic (muscle building) score of 500. When you compare that to testosterone, which itself is a powerful mass builder, and has an anabolic score of 100 you can begin to fathom the muscle building potential of trenbolone. What makes trenbolone so anabolic? Numerous factors come into play. Trenbolone greatly increases the level of the extremely anabolic hormone IGF-1 within muscle tissue (2). And, it´s worth noting that not only does it increase the levels of IGF-1 in muscle over two fold, it also causes muscle satellite cells (cells that repair damaged muscle) to be more sensitive to IGF-1 and other growth factors(3). The amount of DNA per muscle cell may also be significantly increased (3).

Trenbolone also has a very strong binding affinity to the androgen receptor (A.R), binding much more strongly than testosterone (4). This is important, because the stronger a steroid binds to the androgen receptor the better that steroid works at activating A.R dependant mechanisms of muscle growth. There is also strong supporting evidence that compounds which bind very tightly to the androgen receptor also aid in fat loss. Think as the receptors as locks and androgens as different keys, with some keys (androgens) opening (binding) the locks (receptors) much better than others. This is not to say that AR-binding is the final word on a steroid´s effectiveness. Anadrol doesn´t have any measurable binding to the AR& and we all know how potent Anadrol is for mass-building.

Trenbolone increases nitrogen retention in muscle tissue (5). This is of note because nitrogen retention is a strong indicator of how anabolic a substance is. However, trenbolone´s incredible mass building effects do not end there. Trenbolone has the ability to bind with the receptors of the anti-anabolic (muscle destroying) glucocorticoid hormones (6). This may also has the effect of inhibiting the catabolic (muscle destroying) hormone cortisol (7).

Yet another amazing trait of trenbolone that must be noted is its ability to improve feed efficiency and mineral absorption in animals given the drug (8). To help you understand what this means for you, feed efficiency is a measurement of how much of an animals diet is converted into meat, and the more food it takes to produce this meat, the lower the efficiency. Conversely, the less food it takes to produce meat the, higher the efficiency& well you get the idea. Animals given trenbolone gained high quality weight without having their diet adjusted, thus improving feed efficiency. Finding new compounds which can improve feed efficiency is a billion dollar industry, and has spawned many nutritional advances in the bodybuilding world over the last few decades (CLA, Whey Protein, and HMB are compounds which spring to mind as having first been introduced by the livestock industry). What does this translate to for the hard training athlete? The food you eat will be better utilized for building lean muscle, and vitamins and minerals are also better absorbed which may keep you healthier during cycle.

Trenbolone is also a highly androgenic hormone, when compared with testosterone, which has an androgenic ratio of 100; trenbolone´s androgenic ratio is an astonishing 500. Highly androgenic steroids are appreciated for the effects they have on strength as well as changing the estrogen/androgen ratio, thus reducing water and under the skin. As if the report on trenbolone was not good enough, it gets better; Trenbolone is extraordinarily good as a fat loss agent. One reason for this is its powerful effect on nutrient partitioning (9). It is a little known fact is that androgen receptors are found in fat cells as well as muscle cells(10), androgens act directly on the A.R in fat cells to affect fat burning.(11) the stronger the androgen binds to the A.R, the higher the lipolytic (fat burning) effect on adipose tissue (fat)(11). Since some steroids even increase the numbers of A.R in muscle and fat (11, 12) this fat loss effect would be amplified with the concurrent use of other compounds, such as testosterone.

Trenbolone promotes red blood cell production and increases the rate of glycogen replenishment, significantly improving recovery (13). Like almost all steroids, trenbolones effects are dose dependant with higher dosages having the greatest effects on body composition and strength. Mental changes are a notorious side effect of trenbolone use(15), androgens increase chemicals in the brain that promote aggressive behavior(16), which can be beneficial for some athletes wanting to improve speed and power.

Trenbolones chemical structure makes it resistant to the aromatize enzyme (conversion to estrogen) thus absolutely no percentage of trenbolone will convert to estrogen. Trenbolone administration would not promote estrogenic side effects such as breast tissue growth in men (gynecomastia, bitch tits) accelerated fat gain, decline in fat break down and water retention trenbolone. Trenbolone is also resistant to the 5- alpha-reductase enzyme, this enzyme reduces some steroid hormones into a more androgenic form, in trenbolones case however this does not matter, trenbolone boasts an androgenic ratio of 500, it can easily cause adverse androgenic side effects in any users who are prone cases of hair loss, prostate enlargement, oily skin and acne have been reported. Unfortunately trenbolones potential negative side effects do not end there. Trenbolone is also a noted progestin: it binds to the receptor of the female sex hormone progesterone (with about 60% of the actual strength progesterone) (17). In sensitive steroid.com members this can lead to bloat and breast growth worse still, trenbolones active metabolite17beta-trenbolone has a binding affinity to the progesterone receptor (PgR) that is actually greater than progesterone itself (18). No need to panic though, the anti-estrogens letrzole or fulvestrant can lower progesterone levels, and combat any progestenic sides. The use of a 19-nor compound like trenbolone also increases prolactin. bromocriptine or cabergoline are often recommended to lower prolatin levels (20). Testicular atrophy (shrunken balls) may also occur; HCG used intermittently throughout a cycle can prevent this. (21) It is also wise for Tren users to closely monitor their cholesterol levels, as well as kidney function and liver enzymes, as Tren has the potential to negatively affect all of those functions. Trenbolone, being a powerful progestin, will also shut down natural testosterone production which even a relatively small dose and keep the testosterone level suppressed for an extended period of time, this can lower libido and cause erectile dysfunction (fina dick). It is essential that you always stack trenbolone with testosterone.
The acetate ester is a very short-chain ester attached to the trenbolone molecule. It has an active life of 2-3 days but to keep blood levels of trenbolone elevated and steady, daily injections are often recommended.

The acetate ester provides a rapid and high concentration of the hormone which is beneficial to those seeking quick gains, coupled with a rapid clearing time the acetate ester can be discontinued on the onset of adverse side effects.

Now that the properties of trenbolone acetate have been explained we can better understand how to use it in order to maximize its advantages. Evidence suggests that trenbolone when stacked with estrogen promotes more weight gain that trenbolone alone(22), now I´m not telling you to go pop some birth control with your trenbolone but the addition of aromatizing orals such as dianabol and a long estered testosterone such as cypionate or enanthate would produce great gains in a bulking cycle. For a cutting cycle trenbolone is the best choice you have; trenbolones powerful effect on nutrient shuttling allows a user to restrict calories and remain in a state of positive nitrogen balance (remember what that means?). The cortisol reducing effect and binding to the glucocorticoid receptor will greatly reduce the catabolic effects of harsh dieting and excessive amounts of cardio& not to mention that trenbolone itself may burn fat (due to it´s strong AR-binding). A good choice to stack with tren in a cutting cycle is Winstrol. Winstrol has a low binding affinity to the AR and thus will act in your body in vastly different ways than the Tren (i.e. in non-receptor mediated action). In addition, Winstrol is a DHT-based drug and Tren is a 19-nor& throw in some Testosterone (prop), and you´ll have a cutting cycle which takes advantage of all 3 major families of Anabolic Steroids (Testosterone, 19-nor, and DHT), as well as vastly different AR-binding affinities and mechanisms of action.

Ironically, even though Tren is an excellent contest prep drug, it lowers your thyroid level(23), and this raises prolactin. I recommend taking T3 (25mcgs/day) along with your Tren to avoid elevating your prolactin too high via this route.

Also, this drug is a poor choice for athletes who rely on cardiovascular fitness to play a sport. Tren, anecdotally at least, reduces many athletes ability to sustain high levels of endurance. Unfortunately, this makes Tren a poor choice for many.

As of now the main source of trenbolone is from implants for cattle being converted into an injectable or transdermal compound, from powder, and of course Underground Labs. "Home brewing" powder or cattle implants seems to be the preferred method of obtaining injectable trenbolone acetate, because the user would have much more control over the potency and sterility of the drug. Trenbolone is much more expensive than other anabolic steroids ranging from 15 U.S dollars per gram of powder or 150 U.S for a single 10 ml bottle. The cost of trenbolone should not matter, it is worth every penny.

Trenbolone Acetate Profile

(17beta-Hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one)
(Trenbolone Base + Acetate Ester)
Formula: C20 H24 O3
Molecular Weight: 312.4078
Molecular Weight (base): 270.3706
Molecular Weight (ester):60.0524
Formula (base): C18 H22 O2
Formula (ester): C2 H4 O2
Melting Point (base): 183-186C
Melting Point (ester):16.6C
Manufacturer: Cattle implants, British Dragon, Various
Effective Dose (Men):50-150mg ED
Effective Dose (Women): Not recommended
Active life: 2-3 days
Detection Time: 5 months
Anabolic/Androgenic ratio: 500/500
References:

1. Br J Nutr. 1978 Nov;40(3):563-72.
2. J Cell Physiol. 2004 Nov;201(2):181-9.
3. Endocrinology. 1989 May;124(5):2110-7.
4. Toxicol Sci. 2002 Dec;70(2):202-11.15
5. J Anim Sci. 1994 Feb;72(2):515-22.
6. APMIS. 2001 Jan;109(1):1-8.
7. J Anim Sci. 1990 Sep;68(9):2682-9.
8. APMIS. 2001 Jan;109(1):1-8.
9. J Anim Sci. 1992 Nov;70(11):3381-90.
10. Am J Physiol. 1998 Jun;274(6 Pt 1):C1645-52.
11. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1995 May 11;1244(1):117-20.
12. J Appl. Physiol.94 1153-61 2003
13. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med. 2001 Aug; 48(6):343-52
14. Toxicol Sci. 2002 Dec;70(2):202-11.15
15. Steroid.com forums.
16. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003 Jan; 35(1):32-8
17. Cancer Res 1978 Nov; 38(11 Pt 2):4186-98
18. APMIS. 2000 Dec;108(12):838-46.
19. Curr Med Res Opin. 2001;16(4):276-84
20. 2003 drug handbook.
21. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 1988 Mar; 29(3):489-93.
22. J Anim Sci. 1997 May;75(5):1256-65.
23. Res Vet Sci. 1981 Jan;30(1):7-13.

steroid.com

 

[heavyiron]

Steroids. 2010 Jun;75(6):377-89. Epub 2010 Feb 4.

Tissue selectivity and potential clinical applications of trenbolone (17beta-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one): A potent anabolic steroid with reduced androgenic and estrogenic activity.

Yarrow JF, McCoy SC, Borst SE.
Geriatric Research, Education & Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States. jfyarrow@ufl.edu

Abstract

Recently, the development of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) has been suggested as a means of combating the deleterious catabolic effects of hypogonadism, especially in skeletal muscle and bone, without inducing the undesirable androgenic effects (e.g., prostate enlargement and polycythemia) associated with testosterone administration. 17beta-Hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one (trenbolone; 17beta-TBOH), a synthetic analog of testosterone, may be capable of inducing SARM-like effects as it binds to androgen receptors (ARs) with approximately three times the affinity of testosterone and has been shown to augment skeletal muscle mass and bone growth and reduce adiposity in a variety of mammalian species. In addition to its direct actions through ARs, 17beta-TBOH may also exert anabolic effects by altering the action of endogenous growth factors or inhibiting the action of glucocorticoids. Compared to testosterone, 17beta-TBOH appears to induce less growth in androgen-sensitive organs which highly express the 5alpha reductase enzyme (e.g., prostate tissue and accessory sex organs). The reduced androgenic effects result from the fact that 17beta-TBOH is metabolized to less potent androgens in vivo; while testosterone undergoes tissue-specific biotransformation to more potent steroids, dihydrotestosterone and 17beta-estradiol, via the 5alpha-reductase and aromatase enzymes, respectively. Thus the metabolism of 17beta-TBOH provides a basis for future research evaluating its safety and efficacy as a means of combating muscle and bone wasting conditions, obesity, and/or androgen insensitivity syndromes in humans, similar to that of other SARMs which are currently in development.

Published by Elsevier Inc.

PMID: 20138077 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

[brundel]

Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2011 Apr;300(4):E650-60. Epub 2011 Jan 25.
17{beta}-Hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one (trenbolone) exhibits tissue selective anabolic activity: effects on muscle, bone, adiposity, hemoglobin, and prostate.

Yarrow JF, Conover CF, McCoy SC, Lipinska JA, Santillana CA, Hance JM, Cannady DF, Vanpelt TD, Sanchez J, Conrad BP, Pingel JE, Wronski TJ, Borst SE.

VA Medical Center, Research - 151, 1601 SW Archer Rd., Gainesville, FL 32608-1197. jfyarrow@ufl.edu.
Abstract

Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) now under development can protect against muscle and bone loss without causing prostate growth or polycythemia. 17β-Hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one (trenbolone), a potent testosterone analog, may have SARM-like actions because, unlike testosterone, trenbolone does not undergo tissue-specific 5α-reduction to form more potent androgens. We tested the hypothesis that trenbolone-enanthate (TREN) might prevent orchiectomy-induced losses in muscle and bone and visceral fat accumulation without increasing prostate mass or resulting in adverse hemoglobin elevations. Male F344 rats aged 3 mo underwent orchiectomy or remained intact and were administered graded doses of TREN, supraphysiological testosterone-enanthate, or vehicle for 29 days. In both intact and orchiectomized animals, all TREN doses and supraphysiological testosterone-enanthate augmented androgen-sensitive levator ani/bulbocavernosus muscle mass by 35-40% above shams (P ≤ 0.001) and produced a dose-dependent partial protection against orchiectomy-induced total and trabecular bone mineral density losses (P < 0.05) and visceral fat accumulation (P < 0.05). The lowest doses of TREN successfully maintained prostate mass and hemoglobin concentrations at sham levels in both intact and orchiectomized animals, whereas supraphysiological testosterone-enanthate and high-dose TREN elevated prostate mass by 84 and 68%, respectively (P < 0.01). In summary, low-dose administration of the non-5α-reducible androgen TREN maintains prostate mass and hemoglobin concentrations near the level of shams while producing potent myotrophic actions in skeletal muscle and partial protection against orchiectomy-induced bone loss and visceral fat accumulation. Our findings indicate that TREN has advantages over supraphysiological testosterone and supports the need for future preclinical studies examining the viability of TREN as an option for androgen replacement therapy.

PMID: 21266670 [PubMed - in process]

 

[brundel]

Domest Anim Endocrinol. 2011 Jan;40(1):60-6. Epub 2010 Sep 29.
Effect of trenbolone acetate on protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell cultures.

Kamanga-Sollo E, White ME, Hathaway MR, Weber WJ, Dayton WR.

Animal Growth and Development Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University of Minnesota, MN, USA.
Abstract

Although androgenic and estrogenic steroids are widely used to enhance muscle growth and increase feed efficiency in feedlot cattle, their mechanism of action is not well understood. Although in vivo studies have indicated that androgens affect protein synthesis and protein degradation rate in muscle, results from in vitro studies have been inconsistent. We have examined the effects of trenbolone acetate (TBA), a synthetic androgen, on protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell (BSC) cultures. Additionally, we have examined the effects of compounds that interfere with binding of TBA or insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) to their respective receptors on TBA-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation rates in BSC cultures. Treatment of fused BSC cultures with TBA results in a concentration-dependent increase (P < 0.05) in protein synthesis rate and a decrease (P < 0.05) in degradation rate, establishing that TBA directly affects these parameters. Flutamide, a compound that prevents androgen binding to the androgen receptor, suppresses (P < 0.05) TBA-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation in fused BSC cultures, indicating the androgen receptor is involved. JB1, a competitive inhibitor of IGF-1 binding to the type 1 IGF receptor (IGF1R), suppresses (P < 0.05) TBA-induced alterations in protein synthesis and degradation, indicating that this receptor also is involved in the actions of TBA on both synthesis and degradation. In summary, our data show that TBA acts directly to alter both protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused BSC cultures via mechanisms involving both the androgen receptor and IGF1R.
Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PMID: 20961723 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]

 

[heavyiron]

Trenbolone, a practical application by heavyiron

Trenbolone Acetate may be used for cutting, bulking or re-comping. This steroid is very versatile. But out of the three, Trenbolone seems best suited for re-comping. Body re-composition is when you lose body fat and gain muscle mass. It's not just cutting fat but cutting fat AND adding muscle. If you have been bodybuilding for any period of time you understand how difficult this can be. In fact, re-comping becomes harder and harder the longer you body build. Eventually you hit a wall. This is when we may add Trenbolone to keep gains rolling.

History

Trenbolone is available in a variety of esters that prolong the release time of this hormone. In 1967 Trenbolone was well studied attached to the long acting undecanoate ester. This ester is similar in action to the French Parabolan brand, also called Hexabolan due to the hexahydrobenzylcarbonate ester. Parabolan was sold for human consumption by Negma Laboratories therefore Trenbolone was a legitimate medicine approved for human use at one time. Trenbolone Acetate was the ester of choice used in the early 1970's in veterinary medicine. Trenbolone Acetate was marketed at this time in England under the brand name Finajet and as Finaject in France. Trenbolone acetate in the form of Finaplix pellets has been widely used all over the world to add weight and improve feed efficiency in cattle.

Cycling for men

Setting up a cycle with Trenbolone depends on many things such as goals, experience level, side effects experienced and threshold for risk. I personally have found that Trenbolone stacked in a specific dose with Testosterone and timed properly can illicit terrific results on a re-comp while minimizing side effects. The following are some sample cycles using Trenbolone Acetate on a re-comp.

*This cycle is for newer users of Trenbolone Acetate*

Week 1-8 500mg Testosterone C or E
Week 9-12 750mg Testosterone / 350mg Tren Ace
Week 13 350mg Tren Ace

Tren Ace (100mg eod) is added at week 9 just about the time gains begin to diminish in a standard cycle. This timing is critical to "push" gains so do not alter the timing. The Tren Ace is ran for a short but effective 5 weeks. This will give a first time user some experience with the compound to assess side effects. Running the Tren the 13th week will keep gains rolling while the Testosterone E or C ester is clearing. Testosterone Propionate may be run throughout as well.

*This cycle is for experienced users going into a 16 week prep*

Week 1-6 500mg Test E
Week 7 750mg TE
Week 8 1 gram TE
Week 9 1 gram TE / 350mg Tren Ace
Week 10 1,250mg TE / 350mg Tren Ace
Week 11 1,250mg TE / 350mg Tren Ace
Week 12 1,500mg TE / 350mg Tren Ace
Week 13 525mg Tren Ace / 525mg Test Prop
Week 14 525mg Tren Ace / 525mg Test Prop / 100mg Winstrol tabs daily
Week 15 525mg Tren Ace / 100mg Winstrol tabs daily
Week 16 100mg Winstrol tabs daily

Tren Ace (100mg eod) is added at week 9 just about the time gains begin to diminish in a standard cycle. This timing is critical to "push" gains so do not alter the timing. Notice the Tren and Test Prop extend 2 weeks past the higher dose of Testosterone. This is purposeful to keep gains rolling while the higher dose T Enanthate is clearing. Basically gains should continue through week 14 with this setup.

Ancillaries and post cycle therapy

Cabergoline will lower prolactin and using an aromatase inhibitor alongside it will control E2 from the Testosterone during the cycle. I personally prefer Pramipexole over Cabergoline since Pramipexole has the ability to raise GH and still works well to lower prolactin.

I would run HCG at least the last 3-4 weeks on cycle and while the meds are clearing. Clomid is a great recovery drug at 50-100mg daily for 4-6 weeks for PCT. Some guys need an AI after the Clomid but only labs can confirm this. If the individual is on hormone replacement therapy that therapy may be resumed immediately post cycle rather than using the above PCT.

Ladies and Trenbolone

Trenbolone is virilizing in women so extreme caution must be used when administering Trenbolone to females. Virilization in a woman can manifest as clitoral enlargement, increased muscle strength, acne, hirsutism, frontal hair thinning, deepening of the voice, and menstrual disruption. Depending on the female's threshold for risk, 30mg of Trenbolone Acetate weekly is where I would advise a lady to start. (10mg mon, wed, fri.) More adventuresome females may take 90mg Tren Ace weekly but I would not advise that on a first run. I recommend an insulin syringe to get very accurate dosing and lower the risk of scar tissue.

Trenbolone for androgen replacement in men

In January 2011 Trenbolone Enanthate was studied as a possible alternative for Testosterone replacement therapy in the hopes that Trenbolone would not increase prostrate mass or cause adverse hemoglobin elevations and that it would prevent bone and muscle loss. The following is a direct quote from the abstract.

"In summary, low-dose administration of the non-5α-reducible androgen TREN maintains prostate mass and hemoglobin concentrations near the level of shams while producing potent myotrophic actions in skeletal muscle and partial protection against orchiectomy-induced bone loss and visceral fat accumulation. Our findings indicate that TREN has advantages over supraphysiological testosterone and supports the need for future preclinical studies examining the viability of TREN as an option for androgen replacement therapy."?

Trenbolone Acetate is a steroid I have had a love hate relationship with. I love Tren's powerful positive effects but hate the equally powerful side effects. Over the years I have experimented with various methods of using Trenbolone to its full advantage but at the same time minimizing the side effects. The side effects that users report range from increased aggression, insomnia, profuse sweating, "Tren cough" and reduced libido as well as a host of other sides that are common with androgen's.

Trenbolone is quite powerful especially when used in certain ways. In fact, Trenbolone is 3-5 times more anabolic and androgenic than Testosterone. Trenbolone binds to androgen receptors (ARs) with approximately three times the affinity of testosterone and has been shown to augment skeletal muscle mass and bone growth and reduce adiposity! Tren is one potent weapon in the bodybuilder's arsenal. Therefore, trying to figure out a way to maximize Trenbolones amazing potential while minimizing its side effects has been a pursuit of mine. Obviously, reducing the dosage is a way to reduce side effects since many times side effects are dose dependent. Some users report that small, every day injections reduce side effects and this can easily be done with an insulin syringe in a lean muscle group. Stacking with complimentary steroids such as Testosterone maximizes Trenbolones potential and also reduces side effects such as loss of libido. I'm convinced there's almost no other traditional injectable stack that's as potent and versatile as Testosterone and Trenbolone. It's a simple stack with enormous potential to harden muscle, promote fat loss and add raw strength. Since Trenbolone is so anabolic it's a great muscle builder as well. I prefer dosing Testosterone at least two times higher than the Trenbolone dose however when entering a contest prep I prefer the opposite. I recommend either a replacement dose of Testosterone with Tren or no Testosterone at all in the final weeks of prep to illicit a dry shredded look. First time users of Trenbolone may start as low as 200mg Tren weekly to experience its powerful effects. More adventuresome users may double that dosage to 400mg Tren weekly.

References

Tissue selectivity and potential clinical applications of trenbolone (17beta-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one): A potent anabolic steroid with reduced androgenic and estrogenic activity.

17{beta}-Hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one (trenbolone) exhibits tissue selective anabolic activity: effects on muscle, bone, adiposity, hemoglobin, and prostate.

Effect of trenbolone acetate on protein synthesis and degradation rates in fused bovine satellite cell cultures.

 

[heavyiron]

A Closer Look at Trenbolone, Part I

by William Llewellyn​

​

Author of Anabolics - Anabolic Steroid Reference Manual World-renowned anabolic authority, William Llewellyn has written and rewritten the definitive book on steroids. His series of ANABOLICS books have become the most trusted steroid and performance drug reference book of its kind. For over 15 years Llewellyn has uncovered and compiled cutting-edge insider's information from actual drug manufacturers, dealers, and users from all over the world, guaranteeing up-to-date information.​

[SIZE=-2]Publication Date: [/SIZE][SIZE=-2]February 20, 2006[/SIZE]

Nothing in this article is intended to take the place of advice from a licensed health professional. Consult a physician before taking any medication.

Not too many steroids have an air of mystique about them quite like trenbolone. It is one of those agents that you will hear talked up aggressively by some guy in the gym, to later find he has not even tried it himself yet. The bodybuilding literature is full of strong, unusual, and often-inaccurate statements about this drug, and consequently an air of misunderstanding has begun to cloud our view of trenbolone. The unusual history of this compound, including prolonged periods of very limited availability and high selling prices, has no doubt played a part in shaping the view of this steroid in the minds of athletes. It seems when anything is out of reach, overly expensive or both, people start looking at it in a different way. I therefore thought it would be a good idea to take a closer look at the physical properties of trenbolone, as well as its current state of availability and use.

Structure​

Structurally trenbolone is a derivative of nandrolone, carrying two additional double carbon bonds at positions 9 and 11 (hence the prefix "tren", short for tri-en). The activity of trenbolone differs from that of its parent hormone considerably however. To begin with, trenbolone cannot aromatize to estrogen. The delta-9 group present on its structure occupies a bond necessary for aromatization of the A-Ring to be possible. Unless this group is removed metabolically, which it does not appear to be, estrogen synthesis is impossible in the body. Although nandrolone is a weak substrate for aromatase, estrogen levels can still rise during use. With trenbolone we actually expect a lowering of serum estrogen levels, as it should suppress endogenous testosterone release (the primary substrate for estradiol in men).​

Androgenic Activity​

Although derived from nandrolone, trenbolone is comparatively far more androgenic than this steroid. In fact it is several times stronger in this regard than our primary androgen testosterone as well (1). The first contributing factor to this of course is that trenbolone is a strong binder of the androgen receptor. This trait is also characteristic of its parent nandrolone, which is several times more active than testosterone in this regard. Androgen binding is in fact further enhanced by the introduction of double bonds in delta-9,11 (2), which makes trenbolone an even more potent agonist of the androgen receptor than nandrolone. Perhaps more significant though is the fact that unlike nandrolone, the strong receptor binding potency of trenbolone is not diminished in androgen sensitive tissues by 5-alpha reductase. Trenbolone does not seem to undergo 5-alpha reduction in humans to any appreciable degree at all, which is evidenced by the fact that the major urinary metabolites of trenbolone all possess the original tri-en structure with an intact delta-4 group (3). So trenbolone retains its original potency as it enters cells in androgen target tissues with high 5AR concentrations, as this enzyme is not affecting it. These factors work together to allow trenbolone to be a potently androgenic steroid, instead of a primarily anabolic one in nature like nandrolone. .​

Progestational Activity​

It has been reported in other bodybuilding literature that trenbolone does not exhibit any activity as a progestin in the body. I am not certain where this belief originated, as trenbolone does appear to exhibit the classic progesterone receptor binding ability that is characteristic of nandrolone and its derivatives. One study looking at the bovine uterine progesterone receptor for example found trenbolone to be a very potent binder, startlingly even more so than progesterone itself (4). Another looking at the binding of various compounds to the androgen, estrogen, progestin, mineral corticoid and glucocorticoid receptors found trenbolone to be a more potent binder of the progestin receptor than nandrolone (5), a steroid normally noted for its usual activity in this regard. What does this mean for trenbolone? I don???t think it really means that much. Trenbolone clearly doesn???t cause gyno, water retention or fat buildup, which one might attribute to estrogenic or progestational activity. So whatever slight action it does have as a progestin on paper doesn???t amount to all that much in the real world. The absence of estrogen may be a significant factor, as progesterone is believed to cause gyno by enhancing estrogen???s stimulation of mammary gland growth (6). Perhaps when trenbolone is taken with other aromatizable compounds it could affect a person???s sensitivity level to gyno and water/fat retention. This seems logical, at least in a technical sense, although admittedly I have seen no evidence to support this.​

​

Trenbolone (17beta-hydroxyestra-4,9,11-trien-3-one)​

Mass or Cutting Agent​

The potently androgenic and non-aromatizing nature of trenbolone makes it an extremely effective hardening and cutting agent. In fact, it is thought of as unmatched in its capacity as a body-sculpting steroid. Many competitive bodybuilders similarly find it indispensable to any good pre-contest cutting stack. For this type of purpose I doubt another steroid would serve you better. Many people do additionally find they make very good muscle gains with trenbolone. It is a potent muscle-builder, although we should probably not consider it an ideal mass-builder when used alone. The absence of estrogen is an important factor, as this trait seems integral in this type of steroid. This probably has to do not only with water retention but also interactions between estrogen and muscle glucose utilization, GH release and androgen receptor proliferation. Today we are finally starting to understand why this hormone is needed for optimal growth. Trenbolone is probably still the most potent muscle-building agent of all the non-estrogenic steroids though, and admittedly is quite unusual in its potency in this regard. But I would still think that if mass were the goal and you were choosing only one steroid, testosterone, Dianabol or Anadrol would be more productive every time in terms of overall size, weight and muscle mass gain.​

Availability​

As mentioned in the opening of this article, trenbolone has been plagued by periods of manufacturing inconsistency, high prices and scarce availability since it first hit the market in the early 80???s. There is probably little need to revisit in detail the rise and fall of Finajet in the 1980???s, or the demise of Parabolan in 1997. Clearly the colorful history of trenbolone is well discussed. But today???s situation is no less interesting, as we are in a unique situation. For the first time in four years we have a legitimate injectable trenbolone again, as the Mexican veterinary drug firm Laboratories Ttokkyo has recently started producing Trenbol, a 10 ml bottle of trenbolone acetate (TA) in the strength of 75mg/ml. This product is not cheap, and usually sells for upwards of $150 a bottle. Reportedly Denkall is working on a similar item, and there are some reliable underground generics floating about as well that sell for a better price and usually supply a comparable amount of TA. There have been some questions about raw material supply lately though, and whether or not both types of product would remain on the market. This discussion was heightened by the recent removal of Trenbol from Ttokkyo???s website (www.ttokkyo.com.mx), which is making a lot of people nervous that this product may be on the way out. Hopefully this is just a website problem and not a repeat of the fate that fell on Finajet and Parabolan. If these products do dry up, trenbolone will still be available, but in the form of cattle implant pellets. In Part II of this article I will take a closer look at these unusual products, as well as the various methods utilized by bodybuilders in an effort to effectively use them.​

References​

1) Pharmacological and endocrinological studies on anabolic steroids. Neumann F. Environ Qual Saf Suppl 1976 (5) 253-64
2) Unique steroid congeners for receptor studies. Ojasoo, Raynaud. Cancer Research 38 (1978) 4186-98
3) Disposition of 17 beta-trenbolone in humans. Spranger, Metzler. J Chromatogr 564 (1991) 485-92
4) Characterisation of the affinity of different anabolics and synthetic hormones to the human androgen receptor, human sex hormone binding globulin and to the bovine progestin receptor. Bauer, Meyer et al. Acta Pathol Microbiol Imunol Scand Suppl 108 (2000) 838-46
5) Unique steroid congeners for receptor studies. Ojasoo, Raynaud. Cancer Research 38 (1978) 4186-98
6) Progesterone is not essential to the differentiative potential of mammary epithelium in the male mouse. Freeman, Topper. Endocrinology. 1978 Jul;103(1):186-92​