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- Thread starter GFR
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Almost all of the Oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere has been produced by living organisms. Oxygen accounts for 21% of our atmosphere, with Nitrogen making up 78%, and a mixture of other gases composing the remaining 1%. Oxygen only occurs as a minor constituent in the atmospheres of other planets in our Solar System.
The Great Red Spot on Jupiter is a hurricane-like storm system. It is large enough that two Earths could fit across it. The Red Spot has been around since at least the early 1600's when it was first detected shortly after the invention of the telescope.
Jupiter's moon Io, less than 1/3 the size of Earth, puts out twice as much heat as the Earth. This is primarily due to tidal forces from Jupiter's enormous gravitational field causing a constant squeezing and stretching of Io. Heat generated by that squeezing and stretching accounts for Io being the most volcanically active body in the Solar System.
Europa, covered with mostly water ice, has the smoothest surface of any large object in the solar system. This satellite of Jupiter has a mostly flat surface, with no discovered topographic relief larger than 1 km (0.6 mi) in height, even though Europa has an intricate set of cracks criss-crossing its icy surface.
Did you know that liquid water does not currently occur on Mars because of the cold temperatures and low atmospheric pressures. Only water ice and water gas (vapor) are stable. However, large channels on Mars appear to have been cut by outflows of liquid water during Mars' distant past which may have had warmer temperatures and a much thicker atmosphere.
The largest canyon system in the Solar System is Valles Marineris on Mars. It is more than 3000 miles long and so would stretch from California to New York. In some places it reaches 3 miles in depth and 200 miles in width.
Mars' surface area is approximately the same as the surface area of all the land (as opposed to water) on Earth. So, even though Mars is a smaller planet, studying its surface is just as large a task as studying all of Earth's land surfaces.
Mars has two large-scale geologic regions (in addition to many smaller geologic variations within both regions). The "Southern Highlands," which cover a little more than half of Mars' surface, are composed of old (at least 3.9 billion years) densely cratered terrain. The "Northern Plains" have lower and more variable crater densities, indicating that the plains are younger and formed over a much longer period of time. The cause of this Martian geologic dichotomy is not yet agreed upon.
Many of the larger rocks at the Viking Lander sites on Mars were given names. These included Toad, Badger, and Guppy, all of which were named because of some resemblance to those creatures, as well as ones named for all seven dwarfs, and the largest of the rocks near the landers was named Big Joe.
The main constituent of the Martian atmosphere, carbon dioxide, actually freezes n the surface during the winter, particularly in the polar regions. This can cause global atmoshperic pressure changes. On Earth, water freezes out, but is a minor constituent in the atmosphere.
Did you know that water ice may exist in the bottoms of craters at Mercury's poles, based upon radar data taken in recent years. Even though Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun, and extremely hot over most of its surface, ice may exist at the bottoms of some polar craters because the crater floors are permanently shadowed by the crater rims.
Did you know that some of the moons in our Solar System are larger than some of the planets? Jupiter's moon Ganymede, the largest moon in the Solar System, and Saturn's moon Titan are both larger than the planets Mercury and Pluto. The Earth's Moon, Jupiter's moons Callisto, Io, and Europa, and Neptune's moon Triton are all larger than Pluto, but smaller than Mercury.
A Blue Moon is the second of two full Moons that fall in the same month. This can occur because full Moon's occur roughly every 29.5 days. A Blue Moon occurs roughly every two and three-quarter years. So, now you know how long once in a Blue Moon really is.
