I see some lifters chalk up their knees and thighs before DL.
This is from powerlifter Jill Mills. I love that woman:
The deadlift is a complex exercise to dissect because it almost involves every muscle in the body. I will cover the most important ones below:
- The erector spinae or "spinal erectors"
Several groups of muscles that work together. Most of them originate in the lumbar/sacral area and run along the spine to the mid thoracic area. You can almost always find a fat juicy pair of erectors on any good deadlifter (or squatter), and in my opinion, the truest physical sign of power (also the sexiest of muscles if you love a powerful physique!).
- The muscles in the gluteal region. Several here but you get the idea.
- Hamstrings- back of the leg.
- Trapezius- between shoulders/ upper back.
- Hip flexors- front of thigh where thigh meets hip.
- Forearms and hand flexors- GRIP! if you can't hold the bar you won't be able to pull it off the floor and lock out with it so I would say these are really your most important muscles when it comes down to it. Unless you are a pansy and deadlift with straps like I see some bodybuilders doing.
Pointers and Proper Technique
First, the setup for the lift:
- Always start with your feet equally spaced and the bar as close to your legs as possible (remember every inch in distance from your leg adds weight to the bar).
- Head and chest should be high and positioned over the bar.
- Butt should be low and back should be flat, not rounded.
- Grip on conventional should be as close to the outside of your thighs as comfortable; otherwise you are just adding more distance you will have to pull.
- NEVER start your pull with your arms bent!! I see this all the time.Keep them locked out. Your arms are merely hooks that hold onto the bar. You lose a lot of power on the initial pull if you start with bent arms and also risk tearing a bicep.
THE MOVEMENT
The pull should start with your heels, glutes, and thighs and your back should be very tight and flat and your head high. I often think about pushing my heels through the floor and feel most of the pull through my hams and glutes until the bar passes my knees. You should always practice pulling off the floor this way too so as the weight increases you will be ready.
You should pull off the floor with as much speed and force as you can generate. The momentum will come in handy when the weight hits your knees.
Once the bar is above the knee I begin the lockout phase by driving my hips into the bar with as much force as I can and sliding the bar literally against my thigh (not out in front of me) by using the force of my glutes and hip flexors while simultaneously driving my head up and back. Strong abs will also be beneficial here to help keep the torso tight and help with the lockout.
SUMO OR CONVENTIONAL?
It doesn't matter if you use sumo or conventional. That depends on your personal preference. The the style that makes you the strongest and most comfortable.
I pull conventional (narrow with hands outside my thigh) because I have a strong lower back and thighs. I also squat narrow which uses almost the same muscles (but in a different way). If you are a wide squatter and rely mostly on hip and groin strength then sumo may be better for you.
TROUBLESHOOTING
If you have a problem with getting the weight off the ground then I suggest lowering the weight a bit and pulling while standing on a 100 lb plate or something about that height . (If pulling conventionally.)
This has always helped me because I have to start my pull from a couple inches even lower and so when I take the plate away the floor doesn't feel quite so bad. Most sumo lifters find the toughest part of the lift is getting the weight off the floor.
On the other hand, if you are able to pull from the floor but die somewhere around the intial phase of your lockout I suggest heavy rack pulls from the knees. High pulls are very helpful here too.
If the weight dies within 4-6 inches of lockout I suggest heavy shrugs and high pulls to build up trapezius and upper back strength.
The erectors are used through out the entire movement.
If you simply cannot hold onto the bar and it slips through your fingers then work on your grip. First, get rid of the straps on back day. The farmers walk with dumbells as heavy as you can manage is an excellent grip and trap exercise and is often overlooked.
Well best of luck to you! if I overlooked anything or u have any questions leave me a message!