I had a slip disc at L3. I was able to dead lift again about year later, however, my problem is that once my deads reached 455, I would face a re-aggravation in the form of real debilitating, sciatic nerve pinching strain/pain.
I can squat and do heavy shrugs without issue. Stress coming down on the axial skeleton is perfectly fine with me, it's the stress at that angle, particularly the initial lift of the dead lift that will cause a re-aggro, however, my situation is unique. I never had surgery to fix my slip disc because it must have been a small bulge, but enough to pinch that damn sciatic nerve, so when my body healed, my erectors formed aroud my lumbar in a slight tilt, so I have slightly uneven hips. Nothing you can percieve unless you're lining my legs up on a chiro table, but this slight tilt is why I can't dead lift beyond a certain weight before that slight tilt becomes a real problem.
If your lumbar recovered straight all the way down, then just restart slowly and you should be fine. I'd wait up to a year though, just to be safe. I'd also suggest wearing a belt initially or go real light until you've re-established that core strength so it can contract hard enough to guard your lumbar.
My Chiro told me no more squats, heavy shrugs or deads forever, as well. I can do all but the deads and that has more to do with how my body recovered (wrong).